Shape fixity and shape recovery characteristics of aliphatic epoxy-benzoxazine shape memory polymer

Authors

  • Thachanat Tanpitaksit Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
  • Manunya Okhawilai Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
  • Sarawut Rimdusit Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University

Keywords:

Benzoxazine Resin, Aliphatic Epoxy, Shape Memory Polymer, Recovery Stress

Abstract

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are polymers that can fix the temporary shape and recover to the permanent shape by external stimuli. Epoxy resins are an important family of SMPs due to their excellent stability, thermomechanical endurance and the high values of shape fixity. However, epoxide ring opening polymerization required a curing agent which possesses some disadvantages such as high cost, toxic problem to the user and corrosion to the processing apparatus. In this research, novel series of SMPs were prepared from aliphatic epoxy as soft segment and benzoxazine resin (BA-a) as hard segment. Additionally, benzoxazine resin can also function as a curing agent for the epoxy. The composition of BA-a in BA-a/aliphatic-epoxy SMPs was controlled to be in the range of 30 to 50 mol%. Shape fixity and shape recovery as well as essential thermomechanical properties of the BA-a/aliphatic-epoxy SMPs were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and shape memory test. The results revealed that storage modulus at room temperature of the obtained SMPs was increased from 2.8 GPa at BA-a content of 30 mol% to the value of 4.5 GPa at 50 mol% of BA-a. The glass transition temperature (Tg) obtained from the maximum peak of the Tan d was outstandingly increased with an increasing in BA-a content and reported to be in the range of 51 to 140 °C. The increment in Tg was also correspond to the raise in the crosslink density of BA-a-modified aliphatic epoxy SMPs. From the shape memory test, all SMP samples exhibited a high value of shape fixity close to 100%. Furthermore, the presence of BA-a content in BA-a/aliphatic epoxy SMPs imparted a greater in recovery stress ranging from 0.25 to 1.59 MPa or about 6 times improvement. These SMPs based on aliphatic epoxy-benzoxazine are highly attractive for shape memory materials to be used in a broader range of applications at elevated temperature and with greater recovery stress.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Leng, J., Lan, X., Liu, Y., and Du, S. (2011). Shape-memory polymers and their composites: stimulus methods and applications. Prog. Mater. Sci. 56 : 1077-1135.

Liu, L. and Cai, W. (2009). Novel copolyester for a shape-memory biodegradable material in vivo. Mater. Lett. 63 : 1656-1658.

Meng, Q. and Hu, J. (2009). A review of shape memory polymer composites and blends. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 40(11) : 1661- 1672.

Xie, T. and Rousseau, I.A. (2009). Facile tailoring of thermal transition temperatures of epoxy shape memory polymers. Polymer. 50(8) : 1852-1856.

Kroschwitz, J.I. (1991). High performance polymers and composites. 2nd edition. New York : John Wiley & Sons.

Ning, X. and Ishida, H. (1994). Phenolic materials via ring opening polymerization synthesis and characterization of bisphenol - A based benzoxazines and their polymers. J. Polym. Sci., Part A : Polym. Chem. 32(6) : 1121-1129.

Rimdusit, S., Kunopast, P. and Dueramae, I. (2011). Thermomechanical properties of arylaminebased benzoxazine resins alloyed with epoxy resin. Polym. Eng. Sci. 51(9) : 1797-1807.

Rimdusit, S., Lohwerathama, M., Hemvichian, K., Kasemsiri, P. and Dueramae, I. (2013). Shape memory polymers from benzoxazine - modified epoxy. Smart Mater. Struct. 22(7) : 075033.

Ishida, H. (1996). Process of benzoxazine compounds in solventless systems. US Patent Specification 5,543,516

Tobushi, H., Hayashi, S., Hoshio, K., Makino, Y. and Miwa, N. (2006). Bending actuation characteristics of shape memory composite with SMA and SMP. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct.17(12) : 1075-1081.

Jubsilp, C., Takeichi, T. and Rimdusit, S. (2011). Property enhancement of polybenzoxazine modified with dianhydride. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 96(6) : 1047-1053.

Rimdusit, S., Pirstpindvong, S., Tanthapanichakoon, W. and Damrongsakkul, S. (2005). Toughening of polybenzoxazine by alloying with urethane prepolymer and flexible epoxy: a comparative study. Polym. Eng. Sci. 45(3) : 288-296.

Downloads

Published

2014-06-30

How to Cite

[1]
T. Tanpitaksit, M. Okhawilai, and S. Rimdusit, “Shape fixity and shape recovery characteristics of aliphatic epoxy-benzoxazine shape memory polymer”, J Met Mater Miner, vol. 24, no. 1, Jun. 2014.

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles